Programmer's Guide to Java Certification

Exam Objectives Determine the result of applying any operator (including assignment operators and the instanceof operator) to operands of any type, class, scope, or accessibility, or...

Precedence and associativity rules are necessary for deterministic evaluation of expressions. The operators are summarized in Table 3.1. They are discussed in subsequent sections in...

In order to understand the result returned by an operator, it is important to understand the evaluation order of its operands. Java states that the...

In this section we discuss the different kinds of type conversions and list the contexts in which these can occur. Some type conversions must be...

= The assignment statement has the following syntax: <variable> = <expression> which can be read as "the destination, <variable>, gets the value of the source, <expression>". The previous value of...

3.1 Given char c = 'A'; What is the simplest way to convert the character value in c into an int? Select the one correct answer. int i =...

*, /, %, +, - The arithmetic operators are used to construct mathematical expressions as in algebra. Their operands are of numeric type (which includes the...

Review Questions 3.4 Which of the following expressions will be evaluated using floating-point arithmetic? Select the three correct answers. * * + 5/+ 1.* 1L * 300.03.5 What is the...

+ The binary operator + is overloaded in the sense that the operation performed is determined by the type of the operands. When one of the...

++, -- Variable increment (++) and decrement (--) operators come in two flavors: prefix and postfix. These unary operators have the side effect of changing the...

3.10 Which statements are true? Select the three correct answers. The result of the expression (1 + 2 + "3") would be the string "33".The result of the...

Boolean expressions have boolean data type and can only evaluate to the values true or false. Boolean expressions, when used as conditionals in control statements, allow...

<, <=, >, >= Given that a and b represent numeric expressions, the relational (also called comparison) operators are defined as shown in Table 3.6. Table 3.6....

Primitive Data Value : ==, != Given that a and b represent operands of primitive data types, the primitive data value equality operators are defined as...

Boolean Logical Operators: !, ^, &, | Boolean logical operators include the unary operator ! (logical complement) and the binary operators & (logical AND), | (logical...

&&, || Conditional operators && and || are similar to their counterpart logical operators & and |, except that their evaluation is short-circuited. Given that x...

3.15 Which of the following expressions evaluates to true? Select the two correct answers. (false | true)(null != null)(4 <= 4)(!true)(true & false)3.16 Which statements are true? Select the two...

Integer Bitwise Operators: ~, &, |, ^ A review of number representation (see Section G.4, p. 598) is recommended before continuing with this section on how...

<<, >>, >>> The binary shift operators form a new value by shifting bits either left or right a specified number of times in a given...

? The ternary conditional operator allows conditional expressions to be defined. The operator has the following syntax: <condition> ? <expression1> : <expression2> If the boolean expression <condition> is true then <expression1> is...

new, [], instanceof The new operator is used to create objects, that is, instances of classes and arrays. It is used with a constructor call to...

3.20 What would be printed during execution of the following program? public class MyClass { public static void main(String[] args) {...

Objects communicate by passing messages (see Section 1.4, p. 7). A message is implemented as a method call to invoke a particular method on an...

When the actual parameter is a variable of a primitive data type, the value of the variable is copied to the formal parameter at method...

If an actual parameter is a reference to an object, then the reference value is passed. This means that both the actual parameter and the...

Passing Array References Arrays are objects in Java (see Section 4.1, p. 100). A review of arrays is recommended before continuing with this section. The discussion on...

Array elements, like other variables, can store values of primitive data types or references to objects. In the latter case it means they can also...

final A formal parameter can be declared with the keyword final preceding the parameter declaration in the method definition. A final parameter is also known...

Any arguments passed to the program on the command line can be accessed in the main() method of the class specified on the command line: java...

3.25 What will be printed when the following program is run? public class ParameterPass { public static void main(String[] args) {...

Chapter Summary The following topics were explained in this chapter: operators in Java, including precedence and associativity rulestype conversions: casting, narrowing and widening: in addition, the unary...

3.1 The program below is supposed to calculate and show the time it takes for light to travel from the sun to the earth. It contains...