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files. For a user to enter arbitrary text in an entry box and obtain a list of files that
contain that word requires a program to look through the files and find ones that
match.
·
Users love Web sites where they can vote for their favorite celebrity, manage a
virtual stock portfolio, or compete against other users in a match of wits and
knowledge.
What all these situations have in common is that the content is now dynamic; it needs to
change based on time, user input or preferences, or any of hundreds of other attributes.

1.2 Basic Dynamic Page Generation
Fortunately, a solution to the problem of dynamic content has been available since the
earliest days of the Web. Rather than reading the data from a file, the server can run a
program in order to generate the data. This process is illustrated in
Figure 1.2
.
Figure 1.2. How a server generates dynamic content.

As far as the browser is concerned, this situation is identical to that when the data comes
from a file. The browser doesn't care whether the server obtains its data by reading a file
or running a program, as long as what it gets back is valid HTML. However, the fact that
a program is being run behind the scenes enables the content to be dynamic.
As shown in
Figure 1.2
, the mechanism by which the server and the HTML-generating
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